Snake venom is one kind of special liquid, which is produced by the poison gland of the poisonous snake. The main ingredient is the toxic protein. It contains more than 20 kinds of enzymes and toxins. In addition, it also contains a number of small peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleosides, biological amines and metal ions. The composition of the venom is complex. The toxicity, pharmacological and toxicological roles of different snake venom are different and characteristic. Snake venoms divide into hemolysis and neuropathic-type venom. The hemolysis venom is more effective than the neuropathic-type venom, and it will work almost immediately to the prey such as the mouse.
The properties of snake venom：
Fresh snake venom is a slightly fishy smell of the egg-like viscous liquid which color is always yellow, green, or even colorless. Fresh snake venom is neutral or weak acid, and it will become into alkaline when it is placed for a long time. Water accounted for 50% to 75%. When exposed to air, fresh venom is easy to produce foam, and it will become non-venomous and putrid when it is placed 24 hours at room temperature. After vacuum drying or freeze-drying treatment, the venom can be stored at room temperature for 20 to 30 years. However, toxic intensity and enzyme activity would be slightly lower. Irradiated by UV or heated, the toxic will disappear. Dealt with formaldehyde, the toxic will also disappear, but the antigen is retained.
Snake venom is characterized by very complex composition. The toxic components of snake venom from different snake species or even from the same snake secreted in different seasons are differences. Snake venom mainly consists of neurotoxins, cardiac toxins, toxin blood clotting, bleeding toxins and enzymes and other major components. In addition, it contains a number of small peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleosides, biological amines and metal ions, some of which have biological activity or have a certain relationship with the biological activity. After purified, the toxic ingredient will be bigger than the original venom 5~20 times.
Types of snake venom:
1, blood circulation toxin:
Viper, Trimeresurus stejnegeri and Agkistrodon acutus are examples of such toxins. It can cause rapid swelling of the bite wound, bleeding, pain. The skin will become purplish, black and necrotic. After 6-8 hours, it could be spread to the head, neck, limbs and lower back. If the bite wound has not treated effectively within 4 hours, at the last death will occur due to heart failure or shock.
Viper, Trimeresurus stejnegeri and Agkistrodon acutus are examples of such toxins. It can cause rapid swelling of the bite wound, bleeding, pain. The skin will become purplish, black and necrotic. After 6-8 hours, it could be spread to the head, neck, limbs and lower back. If the bite wound has not treated effectively within 4 hours, at the last death will occur due to heart failure or shock.
2, nervetoxin:
Bungarus fasciatus and Bungarus multicinctus are examples of such toxins. After the bite, local symptoms were not obvious, less bleeding, swelling and slight fever. However, within a few hours after injury, the rapid systemic symptoms, patients with anxiety excitement, groaning with pain, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, convulsions, respiratory muscle paralysis and the death will appear. In addition, some scientists are now studying this neurotoxin can be used to treat some parasites in the human nervous system of virus such as the rabies viruses.
Bungarus fasciatus and Bungarus multicinctus are examples of such toxins. After the bite, local symptoms were not obvious, less bleeding, swelling and slight fever. However, within a few hours after injury, the rapid systemic symptoms, patients with anxiety excitement, groaning with pain, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, convulsions, respiratory muscle paralysis and the death will appear. In addition, some scientists are now studying this neurotoxin can be used to treat some parasites in the human nervous system of virus such as the rabies viruses.
3, mixed toxins:
Cobra and King Cobra’s are examples of such toxins. After the toxin is absorbed, the general symptom both have the nerve symptom and harm which were caused by blood circulation toxin.
Cobra and King Cobra’s are examples of such toxins. After the toxin is absorbed, the general symptom both have the nerve symptom and harm which were caused by blood circulation toxin.
The role of snake venom:
1, Cure for cancer:
Cancer is one of the three biggest diseases, which is harmful to human health. There is no effective treatment, the research on snake venom is seen to be a new field to overcome this difficulty by scientists from various countries. Laboratory of China Medical University conducted a drug testing which compared the original viper venom and pure venom’s role in inhibiting tumor. The 9 different concentrations of snake venom have different roles to inhibit mouse’s sarcoma, the efficient is up to 87.1%.
Cancer is one of the three biggest diseases, which is harmful to human health. There is no effective treatment, the research on snake venom is seen to be a new field to overcome this difficulty by scientists from various countries. Laboratory of China Medical University conducted a drug testing which compared the original viper venom and pure venom’s role in inhibiting tumor. The 9 different concentrations of snake venom have different roles to inhibit mouse’s sarcoma, the efficient is up to 87.1%.
2,The anticoagulant effects of snake venom:
The “DEFIBRASE” which is extracted from five-step snake passed technical appraisal in 1981 for the treatment of vascular thrombosis 333 cases, of which 242 cases are cerebral thrombosis. The efficient is up to 86.4%.
The “DEFIBRASE” which is extracted from five-step snake passed technical appraisal in 1981 for the treatment of vascular thrombosis 333 cases, of which 242 cases are cerebral thrombosis. The efficient is up to 86.4%.
3,Hemostatic effect:
Procoagulant component extracted from the viper is used in clinical surgery, internal medicine, ENT, obstetrics and other bleeding disorders. This drug called “Reptile Enzyme Injection”.
Procoagulant component extracted from the viper is used in clinical surgery, internal medicine, ENT, obstetrics and other bleeding disorders. This drug called “Reptile Enzyme Injection”.
4,Manufacture of anti-venom serum:
Scientists have successfully developed the blood serums of anti-Snake venom, anti-five-step snake venom, anti-Bungarus multicinctus venom and anti-cobra venom.
Scientists have successfully developed the blood serums of anti-Snake venom, anti-five-step snake venom, anti-Bungarus multicinctus venom and anti-cobra venom.
5, Analgesia:
Ketongling extracted from cobra venom has an excellent analgesic effect on the pain induced by a variety of diseases. As the higher analgesic activity and no addiction, snake venom in medicine has been used instead of morphine to therapy the pain caused by advanced cancer.
Ketongling extracted from cobra venom has an excellent analgesic effect on the pain induced by a variety of diseases. As the higher analgesic activity and no addiction, snake venom in medicine has been used instead of morphine to therapy the pain caused by advanced cancer.
The biggest roles of snake venom:
1, the treatment of cancer; 2, hemostasis and anti-coagulation; 3, analgesic; 4, manufacture of anti-venom serum; 5, scientific research; 6, lower blood pressure; 7, treatment of headache cause by blood stasis; 8, application on the nerve growth factor.
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